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Cooperative federation
A co-operative federation or secondary co-operative is a co-operative in which all members are, in turn, co-operatives.
Historically, co-operative federations have predominantly come in the form of co-operative wholesale societies and co-operative unions.〔Gide, Charles; as translated from French by the Co-operative Reference Library, Dublin, ''Consumers' Co-operative Societies'', Manchester: The Co-operative Union Limited, 1921, p. 122, ISBN 1-116-75261-1〕 Co-operative federations are a means through which co-operatives can fulfill the sixth Co-operative Principle, co-operation among co-operatives. The International Co-operative Alliance notes that ''“Co-operatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the co-operative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures.”''〔(Statement on the Co-operative Identity ). International Co-operative Alliance.〕
==Retail==
According to co-operative economist Charles Gide, the aim of a co-operative wholesale society, which is owned by retail consumer co-operatives, is to arrange ''“bulk purchases, and, if possible, organise production.”''〔 The best historical examples of this were the English and Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Societies, which were the forerunners to the modern Co-operative Group.
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